Degradation studies of epoxy coatings on printed circuit boards after pressure cooker test

The present work focuses on the investigation of the degradation of screen-printed epoxy coatings on printed circuit boards under multiple corrosion loads realized by the pressure cooker test (PCT). Since methods like the common mechanical shear strength tests are destructive and limited in information, the authors' approach used electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to study the change of their electrochemical behavior and the state of degradation. Complementarily, the Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the possible molecular change of the polymer due to the exposition. The experiments were carried out after different times of load. It could be shown that the complex conditions of the PCT initiate a controversial mechanism. The harsh corrosion load already results in a degradation of the polymer after 8 h but simultaneously the enhanced test temperature leads to ongoing curing processes consuming the remaining parts of resin and curing agents. As a result, the degradation kinetic seems to be delayed and after the test time of 96 h, the epoxy is less degraded than it was expected based on the results after a shorter time exposition.     

Chemical Recycling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites Using Mild Conditions

The increased use of carbon fiber reinforced thermosets generates more waste and end-of-life products. However, an efficient recycling method for the expensive carbon fibers has not yet been developed. The selective decomposition of amine-cured epoxy resin under mild conditions is presented. A two-step method was investigated to decompose the epoxy resin. The optimum parameters were initially determined using a model compound. By analysis of the reaction products, a cleavage of the C–N bond according to the Cope elimination could be proven. Therefore, the Cope elimination is suggested as the main step of the decomposition of amine-cured epoxy resins in presence of hydrogen peroxide. By dissolving the resin, it is possible to recover resin-free fibers with unimpaired mechanical properties.     

Design of natural fiber composites utilizing interfacial crystallinity and affinity

Butanediol initiated poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) has recently been reported as a toughening agent for cationically curing cycloaliphatic epoxides providing plasticized thermosets with excellent properties (Lützen et al., 2013). In this contribution that promising toughening approach was applied for the first time for the development of novel natural fiber composites (NFC). NFCs based on conventional brittle thermosetting polymers often suffer from poor interfacial adhesion and stress cracking. Composites made up of the novel plasticized thermosets and woven flax fiber preserved the elastomer-like properties and increased tensile strength and elongation at break up to 60 MPa and 5%, respectively. Furthermore, PCL was shown not only to toughen the epoxide but also to modulate the affinity of the matrix to the fiber. In conclusion, improved interfacial adhesion and the resulting excellent mechanical properties of cationically curable NFCs were achieved by both interfacial crystallization and affinity.     

Physical study of room‐temperature‐cured epoxy/thermally reduced graphene oxides with various contents of oxygen‐containing groups

In this study, the effects of different oxygen‐containing group contents in thermally reduced graphene oxides (TRGs) for enhancing the physical properties of epoxy nancomposites was examined. The epoxy/TRG nanocomposites (ETNs) were prepared by a room temperature curing method in the presence of TRGs containing different oxygen‐containing groups and were then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. TRG contents with higher oxygen‐containing group contents (ca 33%) were found to show better dispersion capability in the epoxy matrix than TRGs with lower oxygen‐containing group contents (ca 11%) based on morphological observations by transmission electron microscopy. The better dispersion capability of TRGs with higher oxygen‐containing group contents in ETN membranes was found to lead to significantly enhanced mechanical strength, thermal stability and thermal conductivity based on measurements of dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile tests, thermogravimetric analysis and by the transient plane source technique. © 2014 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry     

快速固化酚醛树脂胶黏剂的贮存期稳定性研究

对制备的快速固化酚醛树脂胶黏剂的贮存稳定性进行了较为全面的研究,考察期为6个月。在6个月的贮存期过程中,就酚醛树脂胶黏剂的黏度、凝胶时间及力学性能分别进行了测试,研究了其变化规律。同时为了深入研究贮存期对酚醛树脂胶黏剂的固化行为和官能团的影响,又利用了DSC和IR对不同贮存期的酚醛树脂胶黏剂进行表征。研究结果表明,该快速固化酚醛树脂胶黏剂在6个月内具有较好的贮存期稳定性。     

二硫代焦磷酸酯微胶囊阻燃PVA纤维的制备及性能

采用原位聚合的方法制备了以新戊二醇二硫代焦磷酸酯(DDPS)为核、三聚氰胺甲醛树脂(MF)为壳的阻燃微胶囊(MDDPS),分别将DDPS和MDDPS无卤阻燃剂与聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混纺丝,制备了无卤阻燃PVA纤维;表征了MDDPS的结构及形貌,研究了纯PVA纤维、DDPS/PVA纤维、MDDPS/PVA纤维的力学性能、阻燃性能、热稳定性、燃烧前后的形貌。结果表明:微胶囊MDDPS的平均粒径增大至7.82μm,仍能满足共混纺丝要求;DDPS及MDDPS的加入,PVA纤维力学性能下降;MDDPS/PVA纤维阻燃性能较好,极限氧指数达31.3%,燃烧时膨胀较为明显,且600℃时残炭率达到19.1%,炭层较为致密,有气泡产生,释放不燃性气体阻止了燃烧。     

竹粉增强木质素-环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能

采用热压成型工艺制备了竹粉增强的木质素-环氧树脂复合材料,探讨了竹粉的添加量及其粒径对复合材料力学性能及热机械性能(DMA)的影响。研究结果表明,随着竹粉含量的增加,复合材料的弯曲强度与冲击强度均增大;粒径适中(40~80目)的竹粉增强的木质素-环氧树脂复合材料的弯曲强度和冲击强度最佳。随着竹粉含量的增加,复合材料的初始储能模量逐渐增大,玻璃化转变温度先升高而后降低;粒径适中(40~80目)的竹粉的添加对材料初始储能模量的提升有利。适当提高木质素-环氧树脂复合材料的交联密度,可以得到更好的力学性能。     

催化剂对低游离酚低游离醛酚醛树脂的性能影响研究

在P/F=1∶1.6情况下,分别以氢氧化钠、氢氧化钡、氨水、氧化锌为催化剂,催化苯酚与多聚甲醛合成高固含量酚醛树脂。研究了催化剂用量和种类对树脂黏度、固含量、游离酚、游离醛,以及固化后树脂力学性能的影响。结果表明:浸渍和胶合用酚醛树脂,以氢氧化钠制备的酚醛树脂的综合性能最优;氢氧化钠用量为3.5%时,树脂黏度为3.0Pa·s,固含量为86%,游离酚为4.0%,游离醛为0.4%且合成树脂预聚体的p H9.5,为弱碱性。     

硫磺固化烯丙基环氧树脂的动力学研究

通过非等温和等温差式扫描量热法(DSC)对硫磺(S)固化2,2’-二烯丙基双酚A型环氧树脂(DADGEBA)的动力学进行了研究。从DSC曲线两个放热峰得知,DADGEBA/S体系是两步反应,通过等温DSC分析确定该体系在温度高于170℃低于210℃时满足Kamal自催化模型,通过非等温DSC确定该体系在温度高于210℃时,满足n级反应模型,得到了动力学模型的相关参数。DADGEAB/S体系在整个固化反应过程中满足两种动力学机理函数,这与DADGEBA/S体系双固化机理相符。     

快速固化酚醛树脂胶黏剂的研制

以缩短酚醛树脂固化时间为目的,使用纳米氧化铝为催化剂,丁腈橡胶为增韧剂,AlCl3络合物为固化促进剂,制备了一种能够快速固化的酚醛树脂胶黏剂。通过固化时间、DSC、TG和力学性能等测试,结果表明,当加入15%丁腈橡胶和2%AlCl3络合物时,酚醛树脂胶黏剂的增韧效果和固化速度均为最佳,可在180℃下20min内实现快速固化,同时具有优异的耐热性能和力学性能。